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Study 3: Daylight Only Sabbath Cycle

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Section 01

Study 3: Daylight Only Sabbath Cycle

Study 3 — First Light to Last Light: Day‑Boundaries of Shabbat (Bible‑Only)

Method: Scripture only; lexical roots noted. Preferred renderings: The Almighty, YHWH. Terms in parentheses tie to your glossary.

Glossary (Terms from your list that occur in cited Scripture)

Only terms that both appear in the Scriptures cited below and exist in your glossary are included.

Term (Transliteration)Hebrew LexemeBrief Meaning
Muayd / Muaydimמועד / מועדים (moʿed / moʿadim)appointed time(s) of YHWH
Khadashחדש (ḥōdesh)new moon / renewal (lunar cycle)
Yarakhירח (yāreaḥ)moon (the lesser light)
Shabathשבת (šabbāt)seventh‑day rest/Sabbath
Yawam / Yamimיום / ימים (yōm / yāmim)day / days; often daylight block(s)
Yahwahיהוה (YHWH)sacred name rendering used here (YHWH)

A) Vocabulary & Cadence

  • יֹום — yōm (Yawam/Yamim): “day / days,” often the daylight block; cf. Gen 1; Ps 104; John 11:9.
  • שַׁבָּת — šabbāt (Shabath): Sabbath/rest; cessation from melākhah (work).
  • מּוֹעֵד — moʿed (Muayd/Muaydim): appointed time/meeting; Lev 23; Gen 1:14.

B) Passages Appealed to for a Daylight‑Bounded Shabbat

  • Genesis 1 — Creative works occur in the light; refrain “evening and morning” marks completion; some infer holy rest mirrors the light‑work window (first light → last light).
  • Exodus 16:23–24 — “Tomorrow is Shabbaton; bake/boil now… lay it up to be kept until the morning.” Repeated “until morning” suggests the Sabbath **day** begins with light.
  • John 11:9 — “Are there not twelve hours in the day?” framing day as the operative work unit (yōm (Yawam)).
  • Nehemiah 13:15–22 — Gates shut “as it grew dark before the Sabbath”; some read this as protecting a daylight‑bounded rest (see counter‑readings below).

C) Passages Appealed to for Evening‑to‑Evening or Night‑Start

  • Leviticus 23:32 — For the Day of Atonement: “from evening to evening you shall keep your Sabbath.” Many generalize this pattern; others restrict it to Yom Kippur.
  • Nehemiah 13:19 — Often read to imply Sabbath begins at night; hence shut gates prior to nightfall.
  • Mark 1:32 — “At evening, when the sun had set, they brought the sick…” — commonly taken to indicate they waited until Sabbath ended at sunset.

D) Synthesis

The Bible presents daylight motifs (work in the day; “until morning”) alongside explicit evening‑to‑evening instruction for Yom Kippur and narratives commonly read as night‑start. A first‑light → last‑light Shabbat thus rests on lexical/narrative inferences rather than a single explicit statutory phrase.

Prepared for study use. Bible‑only analysis; external materials may be considered separately.

Study Version 1.0.1